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Radiocarbon dating samples
Samples used for radiocarbon dating must be handled carefully to avoid contamination. Not all material can be dated by this method; only samples containing organic matter can be tested: the date found will be the date of death of the plants or animals from which the sample originally came.
Samples for dating need to be converted into a form suitable for measuring the content; this can mean conversion to gaseous, liquid, or solid form, depending on the measurement technique to be used. Before this can be done, however, the sample must be treated to remove any contamination and any unwanted constituents.〔Bowman, ''Radiocarbon Dating'', pp. 27–28.〕 This includes removing visible contaminants, such as rootlets that may have penetrated the sample since its burial.〔Bowman, ''Radiocarbon Dating'', pp. 28-30.〕
== Pretreatment ==
Two common contaminants are humic acid, which can be removed with an alkali wash, and carbonates, which can be removed with acid. These treatments can damage the structural integrity of the sample and remove significant volumes of material, so the exact treatment decided on will depend on the sample size and the amount of carbon needed for the chosen measurement technique.〔Aitken, ''Science-based Dating in Archaeology'', pp. 86-89.〕
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